The　phylogenetic　relationships　among　seven　wild　species　and　25　loquat　cultivars　of　genus　Eriobotrya　were　studied　by　comparing　sequences　of　the　internal　transcribed　spacer　(ITS)　region.　The　length　of　ITS1　region　of　Eriobotrya　was　223　bp　and　the　lengths　of　ITS2　were　ranged　from　201　bp　to　203　bp.　The　G　+　C　contents　varied　from　64.1%　to　65.5%　in　ITS1　and　from　68.5%　to　72.1%　in　ITS2.　The　aligned　sequences　were　analyzed　by　neighbor-joining　(NJ)　and　maximum　parsimony　(MP)　methods.　The　ITS1　spacer　region　comprised　223　characters,　of　which　44　were　variable　sites　and　34　were　parsimony　informative　sites.　The　NJ　tree　had　very　similar　topology　to　the　MP　tree.　E.　malipoensis　and　E.　seguinii　had　only　one　different　character　in　ITS2　region　and　both　of　them　could　be　the　most　primitive　species　of　Eriobotrya　genus.　ITS2　evolved　much　faster　and　had　more　parsimony　informative　sites　than　ITS1.　ITS2　presented　much　more　precise　information　about　the　phylogenetic　relationships.　Based　on　ITS2　regions,　the　evolution　order　of　the　studied　taxa　in　this　paper　could　be　concluded,　which　was　E.　bengalensis　f.　angustifolia,　E.　prinoides　var.　dadunensis,　E.　prinoides　(E.　bengalensis).　E.　dayaoshanensis　and　E　japonica　Lindl.　(C)　2011　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.