Recently,　nanoparticles　with　remarkable　physical　and　chemical　properties　have　attracted　intense　attention.　Many　techniques　have　been　developed　to　synthesize　nanoparticles.　The　introduction　of　nanoparticles　into　organic　polymers　offers　an　effective　way　to　improve　properties　such　as　electrical　conductivity,　mechanical　properties,　thermal　stability,　flame　retardancy,　and　resistance　to　chemical　reagents.　The　properties　of　polymer　composites　depend　on　the　nanoparticles　that　are　incorporated,　including　their　size,　shape,　concentration,　and　interactions　with　the　polymer　matrix.　However,　the　lack　of　compatibility　between　inorganic　particles　and　polymer　matrix　limits　the　applications　of　nanoparticles　in　composites.　As　a　result　of　incompatibility,　the　dispersion　of　synthesized　inorganic　nanoparticles　in　polymer　matrices　is　very　difficult,　and　particles　with　specific　surface　area　and　volume　effects　can　form　aggregates.　Therefore,　it　is　necessary　to　modify　the　particles　to　overcome　their　tendency　to　aggregate　and　improve　their　dispersion　in　polymer　matrices.　Two　ways　are　used　to　modify　the　surface　of　inorganic　particles:　modification　of　the　surface　by　chemical　treatment　and　the　grafting　of　functional　polymeric　molecules　to　the　hydroxyl　groups　existing　on　the　particles.　By　surface　modification　of　nanoparticles　the　dispersion　of　inorganic　nanoparticles　in　organic　solvents　and　polymer　matrices　is　improved.