A　straightforward,　fast,　and　versatile　technique　is　developed　to　fabricate　nanofibrous　scaffold　with　excellent　hydrophilicity,　mechanical　properties,　and　biocompatibility　for　tissue　engineering.　The　thermoplastic　polyurethane　(TPU)　nanofiber　is　fabricated　by　utilizing　electrospinning,　and　then　its　surface　is　modified　through　simply　immersing　it　into　cellulose　nanofibrils　(CNF)　dispersion　and　subjecting　to　ultrasonication.　The　results　show　that　the　CNF　particles　are　successfully　absorbed　on　the　surface　of　TPU　nanofiber.　By　introducing　CNF　particles　on　the　surface　of　TPU　nanofiber,　the　hydrophilicity,　mechanical　properties　of　fabricated　CNF-absorbed　TPU　scaffold　are　significantly　increased.　Additionally,　the　adhesion　and　proliferation　of　human　umbilical　vein　endothelial　cells　cultured　on　CNF-absorbed　TPU　scaffold　are　prominently　enhanced　in　comparison　with　those　of　cultured　on　TPU　scaffold.　These　findings　suggest　that　the　ultrasound-assisted　technique　opens　up　a　new　way　to　simply　and　effectively　modify　the　surface　of　various　scaffolds　and　the　modified　scaffold　could　be　shown　a　great　potential　in　tissue　engineering.