The　modified　asphalt　binders　with　hindered　phenolic　antioxidant　(Irganox　1010)　were　prepared　by　melt　blending,　and　the　effects　of　Irganox　1010　on　physical　and　rheological　properties　of　base　asphalt　were　investigated　by　means　of　conventional　physical　properties　tests　and　dynamic　shear　rheometer　(DSR)　tests.　The　short-term　and　long-term　thermo-oxidative　aging　properties　of　asphalts　with　Irganox　1010　were　studied　by　thin-film　oven　test　(TFOT)　and　pressure　aging　vessel　(PAV)　test.　The　influence　of　Irganox　1010　on　the　chemical　structure　and　compositions　of　asphalt　before　and　after　the　aging　test　were　evaluated　using　Fourier　transform　infrared　spectroscopy　(FTIR)　analysis　and　thin-layer　chromatography　with　flame　ionization　detection　(TLC-FID)　analysis,　respectively.　The　results　show　that　the　penetration　and　ductility　are　increased,　whereas　the　viscosity　and　softening　point　are　decreased,　with　the　addition　of　Irganox　1010,　and　Irganox　1010　also　decreases　the　complex　modulus　and　increases　the　phase　angle　of　asphalt　binder.　The　antioxidant-treated　binders　exhibit　excellent　resistance　to　thermo-oxidative　aging.　Furthermore,　Irganox　1010　inhibits　the　carbonyl　(at　1,700　cm(-1))　index　and　sulfoxide　(at　1,035　cm(-1))　index　increment　by　oxidation　of　phenolic　hydroxyl　and　degradation　of　ester　group,　and　changes　of　chemical　compositions　of　asphalt　show　that　Irganox　1010　peptizes　the　asphaltenes　and　exhibits　effective　inhibition　of　gelatinization　of　asphalt　binder　during　the　process　of　thermal　oxidation　aging.