The　continuous　entry　of　new　firms　and　exit　of　old　ones　might　have　substantial　effects　on　productivity　of　energy　supply.　Since　China　is　the　world＇s　largest　energy　producer,　productivity　of　energy　supply　in　China　is　a　significant　issue,　which　affects　sustainability.　As　a　technical　application,　this　paper　investigates　the　productivity　and　dynamic　changes　of　Chinese　coal　mining　firms.　We　find　that　the　total　factor　productivity　(TFP)　growth　of　coal　supply　in　China　is　largely　lagging　behind　the　growth　rate　of　coal　production.　The　entry　and　exit　of　non-state-owned　enterprise　(non-SOE)　partially　provide　explanation　for　the　dynamic　change　of　aggregate　TFP.　Specifically,　non-state　owned　entrants　induced　by　the　coal　price　boom　after　2003,　which　had　negative　effects　on　TFP　of　energy　supply,　while　the　exit　of　non-SOEs　had　positive　effects.　Furthermore,　there　is　regional　heterogeneity　concerning　the　effects　of　entry　and　exit　on　energy　supply　productivity.　More　entrants　induced　by　coal　price　boom　are　concentrated　in　non-main　production　region　(non-MPR),　while　more　exits　are　located　in　MPR　due　to　the　government＇s　enforcement.　This　provides　explanation　for　the　phenomena　that　productivity　of　energy　supply　in　MPR　gradually　surpasses　that　in　non-MPR.　We　also　anticipate　our　paper　to　enhance　understanding　on　the　energy　supply-side,　which　might　further　help　us　make　informed　decisions　on　energy　planning　and　environmental　policies.