Efficient　and　timely　quantification　of　landscape　changes　of　urbanization,　devegetation,　and　inundation　in　China　is　important　for　decision　making　in　sustainable　development.　This　study　proposed　a　novel　and　automatic　approach　to　track　landscape　changes　in　China　based　on　500　m　8-day　composite　MODIS　datasets　from　2001　to　2017.　An　overall　accuracy　of　94.09%　was　achieved　on　the　basis　of　5,178　references　sites.　Results　showed　that　newly　impervious　surface　areas　(ISA),　bare　lands,　and　inundated　water　bodies　accounted　for　0.51%,　0.23%,　and　0.25%　of　the　total　land　area　in　China,　respectively.　Rapid　urbanization　transformation　was　observed　with　the　average　annual　land　urbanization　rate　of　9.53%,　almost　three-times　higher　than　the　global　rate　of　urbanization.　The　speediest　period　of　urbanization　was　exhibited　in　2009　and　4,938.89　km(2)　of　newly　formed　ISA　were　generated　in　this　single　year.　The　most　obvious　period　of　devegetation,　which　converted　vegetation　to　bare　lands,　was　observed　from　2006　to　2009,　with　2000-2100　km(2)　yr(-1).　Urbanization　and　devegetation　dominantly　occurred　in　humid/semihumid　regions　(＞85%),　particularly　in　the　Yangtze　River　Delta.　The　remarkable　devegetation　was　strongly　associated　with　newly　ISA;　however,　significant　reduction　of　devegetation　was　observed　in　arid/semiarid　regions　in　2010s.　Besides　one　hotspot　surrounding　newly　ISA,　the　other　hotspot　of　inundation　in　remote　highlands　was　highlighted　and　distinct　reduction　in　inundation　was　evidenced　after　2010.　A　free　download　link　for　these　datasets　is　attached　().