Improving　the　interfacial　compatibility　of　plant　fibers　and　polymer　matrices　still　is　an　ongoing　challenge　in　the　application　of　natural　fiber/polymer　composites.　In　this　study,　the　graphene　oxide　(GO)　was　grafted　onto　alkali-treated　bamboo　fiber　(ABF)　surfaces,　and　then　a　GO-ABF/polypropylene　(PP)　composite　was　prepared　using　a　mini-injection　molding　technique.　The　chemical　properties　of　the　GO-ABF　surface,　as　well　as　the　mechanical　properties　of　the　GO-ABF/PP　composite,　were　studied　systematically.　The　results　showed　that　the　GO　sheets　were　successfully　grafted　on　the　surface　of　ABF,　and　the　hydrogen　bond　interaction　occurred　between　the　GO　and　the　ABF.　Compared　with　the　untreated　bamboo　fiber　(UBF)/PP　composite,　the　tensile　strength　and　flexural　strength　of　the　0.1GO-ABF/PP　composite　were　increased　by　12.6%　and　23.7%,　respectively,　due　to　the　enhancement　of　the　interfacial　binding　force　between　GO-ABF　and　the　PP　matrix.　These　results　indicate　that　GO　possesses　great　potential　for　improving　the　mechanical　properties　of　GO-ABF/PP　composite.　It　can　provide　a　reference　basis　for　the　feasibility　of　using　GO　in　the　natural　fiber/polymer　composites.