In　this　study,　we　presented　a　water-soluble　fluorescent　probe　(HBN)　for　2,4,6-trinitrophenol　(TNP)　detection　by　introducing　a　quaternary　ammonium　group.　Probe　HBN　exhibited　significant　fluorescence　quenching　toward　2,4,6-trinitrophenol　via　electrostatic　and　charge　transfer　interactions.　The　obtained　results　demonstrated　that　probe　HBN　could　rapidly　(＜　30　s)　and　selectively　detect　2,4,6-trinitrophenol　over　other　nitroaromatic　compounds　and　relevant　ions　with　a　low　detection　limit　of　57　nM.　The　excellent　sensing　properties　of　probe　HBN　enable　its　applications　in　visual　detection　of　2,4,6-trinitrophenol　by　a　paper　test　system　and　monitoring　2,4,6-trinitrophenol　in　environmental　water　systems.