Particulate　matter　(PM)　is　a　significant　danger　to　both　environment　and　human　health.　Despite　the　development　of　a　series　of　air　filters,　they　do　not　work　well　in　harsh　environment　such　as　high　temperature,　high　humidity　or　long-time　filtration.　To　make　a　three-dimensional　(3D)　particle　capture　device,　a　sacrificial　template　approach　was　used　to　manufacture　polydimethylsiloxane　(PDMS)　sponge,　and　then　zeolite　imidazole　framework-8　(ZIF-8)　was　grown　in　situ　on　the　3D　network　of　PDMS　sponge.　The　removal　efficiency　of　PM2.5　or　PM10　is　greater　than　99.8%　because　of　the　high　specific　surface　area　and　porous　network　structure　of　PDMS　sponge,　as　well　as　the　large　number　of　metal　sites　of　ZIF-8.　In　addition,　the　sponge　filter　has　long-term　filtration　stability　and　still　achieves　excellent　performance　after　65　h　of　filtration.　The　composite　sponge　can　adapt　to　harsh　environments　such　as　high　temperature　(250　°C)　and　high　humidity　(90%　RH).　Composite　sponge　filter　has　a　regular　shape,　and　it　may　be　customized　to　any　shape　as　required.　This　study　provides　a　new　idea　for　designing　3D　high-efficiency　air　filters　that　can　adapt　to　harsh　environments.　©　2022　Chinese　Society　of　Particuology　and　Institute　of　Process　Engineering,　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences