Here,　aiming　at　common　surrounding　rock　conditions　and　blast　hole　types　in　tunnel　blasting　excavation,　five　kinds　of　blast　hole　fine　models　were　established　on　LS-DYNA　numerical　platform,　and　the　fluid-structure　interaction　algorithm　was　used　to　simulate　the　transient　process　of　row-hole　blasting.　Firstly,　the　pressure　crushing　zone　was　formed　instantly　around　blast　hole,　and　the　initial　crack　was　continuously　expanded　due　to　action　of　air　wedge　to　form　the　surrounding　rock　fracture　zone.　Then　the　detonation　pressure　wave　was　reflected　at　free　face,　and　its　reflected　tensile　wave　made　a　large　range　of　parallel　cracks　appear　on　surrounding　rock　near　free　face.　Finally,　radii　of　the　crushing　zone　and　fracture　zone　were　about　3-4　times　and　22-24　times　of　blast　hole　radius,　respectively.　The　pressure　time　history　curve　on　the　boundary　of　blast　hole　crushing　zone　received　attention,　it　was　shown　that　obvious　multi-peak　form　including　the　first　peak,　the　second　one　and　negative　one　appear;　the　main　peak　value　and　the　axial　decoupling　coefficient　have　a　power　exponential　decay　relationship;　if　averaging　peak　pressures　on　blasting　contours,　the　simplified　triangle　shape　load　on　each　blasting　contour　can　be　obtained,　it　can　be　applied　in　the　following　work,　such　as,　far-field　vibration　effect　evaluation.　©　2021,　Editorial　Office　of　Journal　of　Vibration　and　Shock.　All　right　reserved.